The European Commission has presented its proposal for the 2028–2034 Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) as a turning point for the EU — a budgetary revolution built on a headline figure of nearly €2 trillion.
Yet behind the impressive nominal increase lies a more modest reality.
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Judith Arnal is a Spanish economist with the Real Instituto Elcano think-tank and the Centre for European Policy Studies.
Judith Arnal is a Spanish economist with the Real Instituto Elcano think-tank and the Centre for European Policy Studies.