The automotive industry is the crown jewel of the EU economy, supported by numerous data points: it accounts for seven percent of the EU’s GDP (over €1 trillion), provides 13.8 million jobs, represents more than 30 percent of corporate R&D investment in the EU (€60bn annually), and generates extra-EU exports worth €150bn per year, with a trade surplus exceeding €90bn. It also contributes positively t...
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Judith Arnal is a Spanish economist with the Real Instituto Elcano think-tank and the Centre for European Policy Studies.